Theravāda Vinayapiṭaka
Monks’ rules and their analysis
Monks’ Suspension 6: Building huts
Origin story
At one time the Buddha, the Master, was staying at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel Sanctuary. At that time the monks of Āḷavī were building huts by means of begging. The huts were intended for themselves, did not have a sponsoring owner, and were inappropriate in size. Moreover, they were never finished, and so the monks kept on asking and begging: “Give a man, give a servant, give an ox, give a cart, give an adze, give a hatchet, give an axe, give a spade, give a chisel, give a creeper, give bamboo, give muñja-grass, give babbaja-grass, give tiṇa-grass, give clay.” People felt oppressed by all the asking and begging, so much so that when they saw a monk they became alarmed and fearful, and they ran away, took a different path, turned away, and closed their doors. Even when they saw cows they ran away, thinking they were monks.
At that time Venerable Mahākassapa, after spending the rainy season at Rājagaha, set out for Āḷavī. Walking by stages, he eventually arrived in Āḷavī, where he stayed at the Aggāḷava shrine. Then, after dressing in the morning, Venerable Mahākassapa took his bowl and robe, and entered Āḷavī for alms. When people saw him they became fearful and alarmed, and they ran away, took a different path, turned away, and closed their doors. After finishing his almsround and eating his meal, Venerable Mahākassapa returned and addressed the monks:
“Formerly Āḷavī had plenty of food and almsfood was easy to obtain; it was not difficult to get by on alms. But now Āḷavī is short of almsfood, and it’s not easy to get by on alms. Why is that?” And those monks told Venerable Mahākassapa what had happened.
At that time, after staying at Rājagaha as long as he liked, the Master too set out for Āḷavī. Walking on tour by stages, he eventually arrived at Āḷavī, and he too stayed at the Aggāḷava shrine.
Then Venerable Mahākassapa approached the Master, paid homage to him, and sat down to one side. And he informed the Master of what had happened. The Master then convened the Sangha and questioned the monks of Āḷavī: “Is it true, monks, that you are building huts through begging, huts intended for yourself, without a sponsoring owner, and inappropriate in size? And that because they were never completed, you kept on asking and begging for all sorts of things, and people felt oppressed to point where they now avoid monks?”
“It’s true, Master.”
The Buddha, the Master, rebuked them: “… Foolish men, how could you act in this way? This will not give rise to confidence in those without it …” After rebuking them, he spoke on the Dhamma and then addressed the monks:
Jataka
“Once upon a time, monks, two sages who were brothers lived near the river Ganges. On one occasion the dragon king Maṇikaṇṭha emerged from the Ganges and approached the younger of the two sages, and he encircled him with seven coils and spread his large hood over his head. Then, monks, because of his fear of that dragon, the younger sage became thin, haggard and pale, his veins protruding all over his limbs. The older sage saw him in this state and asked him what was the matter. And the younger sage told him. The elder sage said: ‘Would you like that dragon not to return?’
“‘I would.’
“‘Well then, did you see anything belonging to that dragon?’
“‘I saw a ornamental jewel on his neck.’
“‘In that case ask the dragon for that jewel.’
“Soon the dragon king Maṇikaṇṭha again emerged from the Ganges, approached the younger sage, and stood to one side. The sage said to him, ‘Sir, give me the jewel; I want the jewel.’ And the dragon thought, ‘The monk is asking for the jewel,’ and he quickly departed.
“Once more the dragon king Maṇikaṇṭha emerged from the Ganges and approached the younger sage. The sage saw him coming and said to him: ‘Sir, give me the jewel; I want the jewel.’ When the dragon heard him, he turned around right there.
“Yet again the dragon king Maṇikaṇṭha emerged from the Ganges. The younger sage saw him emerging and said to him: ‘Sir, give me the jewel; I want the jewel.’ Then the dragon king spoke these verses to the sage:
“‘My food and drink is abundant and sublime,
And it appears because of this jewel.
I will not give it to you; you ask too much.
Nor will I return to your hermitage.“‘Like a boy holding a sharp sword,
You frighten me, asking for this stone.
I will not give it to you; you ask too much.
Nor will I return to your hermitage.’
“And the dragon king Maṇikaṇṭha thought: ‘The monk is asking for the jewel; he wants the jewel,’ and he departed and never returned.
Because he did not get to see that beautiful dragon, the young sage became even thinner, more haggard and pale, his veins protruding even more. The older sage saw him in this condition and asked what was the matter. He replied, ‘It is because I no longer get to see that beautiful dragon.’ The older sage then spoke to him in verse:
“‘One should not beg from those one wishes to be dear to;
One is detested for asking too much.
The dragon, asked for a jewel by the brahmin,
Departed, and was never seen again.’
“One will be disliked even by animals, monks, for asking and begging, let alone by human beings.”
Story
“Once upon a time, monks, a certain monk lived in a certain forest thicket on the slopes of the Himalayas. Not far from that thicket was an large, low-lying marsh. A great flock of birds, feeding in this marsh during the day, entered the thicket to roost at night. The monk there was disturbed by the noise of the flocking birds, and so he came to see me. He paid homage to me, sat down to one side, and I said to him: ‘I hope you are keeping well, monk, I hope you are comfortable. I hope you are not tired from travelling. And where have you come from?’
“‘I am keeping well, Master, I am comfortable, and I am not tired from travelling. On the slopes of the Himalayas there is a great forest thicket and close by a large low-lying marsh. Then, bhante, a large flock of birds, feeding in that low-lying marsh during the day, came at night to roost in that forest thicket. That’s where I’ve come from, Master, and I left because I was disturbed by the noise of that flock of birds.’
“‘Would you like that flock of birds not to return?’
“‘I would, Master.’
“‘Well then, go back to that forest thicket and in the first watch of the night call out three times: “Listen to me, good birds. From whoever roosts in this forest thicket, I want a feather. Each one of you must give me a feather.” And in the second and third watch of the night do the same thing.’
“The monk then returned to that forest thicket and did as instructed. That flock of birds thought, ‘The monk is asking for a feather; he wants a feather,’ and they left that thicket and never returned. One will be disliked even by animals, monks, for asking and begging, let alone by human beings.
“Formerly the father of Raṭṭhapāla addressed his son with these verses:
“‘Raṭṭhāpāla, all these people
Who come to me and beg—
I do not even know them;
So why don’t you beg from me?’‘The beggar isn’t liked,
Nor is he who doesn’t give when asked.
That is why I do not beg from you;
Please don’t hate me for this.’
“If Raṭṭhapāla, who came from a good family, could speak in this way to his own father, how much more then can people to each other.
“Monks, it is hard for householders to acquire and protect their possessions. This being so, foolish men, you still kept on asking and begging for all sorts of things. This will not give rise to confidence in those without it … And, monks, this training rule should be recited thus:
Final ruling
“When a monk, by means of begging, builds a hut without a sponsoring owner and intended for himself, it is to be no more than 3 metres long and 1.75 meters wide inside. He must get monks to approve a site where no harm will be done and which has a space on all sides. If a monk, by means of begging, builds a hut on a site where harm will be done and which lacks a space on all sides, or he does not get monks to approve the site, or he exceeds the size limit, he commits an offence entailing suspension.”
Definitions
By means of begging: having himself begged for a man, a servant, an ox, a cart, an adze, a hatchet, an axe, a spade, a chisel, a creeper, bamboo, muñja-grass, babbaja-grass, tiṇa-grass, clay.
Builds: building himself or getting someone else to build.
Without a sponsoring owner: there is no other owner, either a woman or a man, either a householder or one gone forth.
Intended for himself: for his own use.
It is to be no more than 3 metres long: measured outside.
And 1.75 meters wide inside: measured inside.
He must get monks to approve a site:
The monk who is building a hut should clear a site, then approach the Sangha, put his robe over one shoulder, pay homage at the feet of the senior monks, squat on his haunches with his palms together, and say: “Bhante, I wish, by means of begging, to build a hut without a sponsoring owner and intended for myself. I request the Sangha to inspect the site for the hut.” He should make his request a second and a third time. If the whole Sangha is able to inspect the site, they should all go. If the whole Sangha is not able to inspect the site, then those monks there who are experienced and competent—who know where harm will be done and where no harm will be done, and who know what has a space on all sides and what lacks a space on all sides—should be asked and then authorised.
“And, monks, they should be authorised in this way. An experienced and competent monk should inform the Sangha:
‘Bhante, let the Sangha listen to me. Monk so-and-so, by means of begging, wishes to build a hut without a sponsoring owner and intended for himself. He is requesting the Sangha to inspect the site for the hut. If it seems appropriate to the Sangha, the Sangha should authorise monk so-and-so and monk so-and-so to inspect the site. This is the motion.
‘Bhante, let the Sangha listen to me. Monk so-and-so, by means of begging, wishes to build a hut without a sponsoring owner and intended for himself. He is requesting the Sangha to inspect the site for the hut. The Sangha is authorising monk so-and-so and monk so-and-so to inspect the site. Any monk who agrees to authorising monk so-and-so and monk so-and-so to inspect the site of the hut should remain silent. Any monk who does not agree should say so.
‘Monk so-and-so and monk so-and-so have been authorised by the Sangha to inspect the site for the hut of monk so-and-so. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I will remember it thus.’
‘Those authorised monks should go and inspect the site of the hut and find out if there will be any harm and if it has a space on all sides. If there will be harm and it lacks a space on all sides, they should say, ‘Do not build here.’ If there will be no harm and it has a space on all sides, they should inform the Sangha: ‘There will be no harm and it has a space on all sides.’ The monk who is building the hut should then approach the Sangha, put his robe over one shoulder, pay homage at the feet of the senior monks, squat on his haunches with his palms together, and say: ‘Bhante, I wish, by means of begging, to build a hut without a sponsoring owner and intended for myself. I request the the Sangha to approve the site for the hut.’ He should make his request a second and a third time. An experienced and competent monk should then inform the Sangha:
‘Bhante, let the Sangha listen to me. Monk so-and-so, by means of begging, wishes to build a hut without a sponsoring owner and intended for himself. He is requesting the Sangha to approve the site for the hut. If it seems appropriate to the Sangha, the Sangha should approve the site. This is the motion.
‘Bhante, let the Sangha listen to me. Monk so-and-so, by means of begging, wishes to build a hut without a sponsoring owner and intended for himself. He is requesting the Sangha to approve the site for the hut. The Sangha approves the site for the hut of monk so-and-so. Any monk who agrees to approving the site for the hut should remain silent. Any monk who does not agree should say so.
‘The site for the hut of monk so-and-so has been approved by the Sangha. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I will remember it thus.’”
Where harm will be done: it is the abode of ants, termites, rats, snakes, scorpions, centipedes, elephants, horses, lions, tigers, leopards, bears, or hyenas, or any other animals; or it is bordering on a field of grain, a field of vegetables, a slaughtering-place, a place of execution, a charnel ground, a park, a king’s property, an elephant-stable, a horse-stable, a prison, a bar, a slaughterhouse, a vehicle road, a crossroads, an assembly hall, or a cul-de-sac. This is called, “Where harm will be done.”
Which lacks a space on all sides: it is not possible to go around it with a yoked cart, or to go all the way around it with a ladder. This is called, “Which lacks a space on all sides.”
Where no harm will be done: it is not the abode of ants, termites … or any other animal; and it is not bordering on a field of grain … or a cul-de-sac. This is called, “Where no harm will be done.”
Which has a space on all sides: it is possible to go around it with a yoked cart, or to go all the way around it with a ladder. This is called, “Which has a space on all sides.”
By means of begging: having himself begged for a man, a servant … clay.
Builds: building himself or getting someone else to build.
Or he does not get monks to approve the site, or he exceeds the size limit: if the site has not been approved through an act of one motion and three announcements, and he then builds a hut which exceeds the allowable length or breadth even by the width of a hair, he commits an offence of bad conduct for every action. When one piece is left to complete the hut, he commits a serious offence. When the last piece is finished, he commits an offence entailing suspension.
He commits an offence entailing suspension: … This is the name and designation of this class of offence. Therefore, too, it is said that he commits an offence entailing suspension.
Permutations
Permutations part 1
Building oneself
If a monk builds a hut whose site has not been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has not been approved, where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has not been approved, where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has not been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension.
If a monk builds a hut whose site has been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has been approved, where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
If a monk builds a hut which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut which exceeds the size limit, where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut which exceeds the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension.
If a monk builds a hut which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
If a monk builds a hut whose site has not been approved, which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has not been approved, which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits two offences entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has not been approved, which exceeds the size limit, where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has not been approved, which exceeds the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits two offence entailing suspension.
If a monk builds a hut whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. If a monk builds a hut whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
Appointing someone else to build
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut. If they build one whose site has not been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut. If they build one whose site has been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut. If they build one which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut. If they build one which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut. If they build one whose site has not been approved, which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits two offences entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits two offence entailing suspension.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut. If they build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
Departing without informing of proper building procedure
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs, but he does not tells them to build it on a site which has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build a hut whose site has not been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs, but he does not tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build a hut whose site has been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs, but he does not tells them to build one which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build a hut which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs, but he does not tells them to build one which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build a hut which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs, but he does not tells them to build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build a hut whose site has not been approved, which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits two offences entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits two offence entailing suspension.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs, but he does not tells them to build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build a hut whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, he commits two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
Departing and then hearing about wrong building procedure
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one whose site has not been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one whose site has not been approved, where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one whose site has been approved, and where no harm will be done. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one whose site has not been approved, where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one whose site has been approved, and which has a space on all sides. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one whose site has not been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one whose site has been approved. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one whose site has been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one whose site has been approved, where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one where no harm will be done. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one which has a space on all sides. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, and they do build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. There is no offence.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. … which is within the size limit, and where no harm will be done. … which is within the size limit, and which has a space on all sides. … which is within the size limit. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. … where no harm will be done. … which has a space on all sides. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct. … There is no offence.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one whose site has not been approved, which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. … whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, and where no harm will be done. … whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, and which has a space on all sides. … whose site has been approved, and which is within the size limit. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, but they build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If he hears about it, he must go there himself, or send a messenger, and tell them to build one where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. … where no harm will be done. … which has a space on all sides. If he neither goes himself nor sends a messenger, he commits an offence of bad conduct. … There is no offence.
Offences for appointed builders
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build one whose site has not been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit three offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, the builders commit two offences of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit two offences of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, the builders commit one offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build one whose site has been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, the builders commit one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build one which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit three offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, the builders commit two offences of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit two offences of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, the builders commit one offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build one which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, the builders commit one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build one whose site has not been approved, which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit four offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, the builders commit three offences of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit three offences of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, the builders commit two offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. He tells them to build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. If they build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides, the builders commit one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides, the builders commit one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
Unfinished when he returns
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. They build one whose site has not been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If it is unfinished when he returns, that hut is to be given to someone else or it is to be demolished and rebuilt. If he does not give it to someone else, or does not demolish and rebuild it, he commits one offence entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. They build one whose site has not been approved, where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides. If it is unfinished when he returns, that hut is to be given to someone else or it is to be demolished and rebuilt. If he does not give it to someone else, or does not demolish and rebuild it, he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides. … he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides. … he commits one offence entailing suspension.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. They build one whose site has been approved, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If it is unfinished when he returns, that hut is to be given to someone else or it is to be demolished and rebuilt. If he does not give it to someone else, or does not demolish and rebuild it, he commits two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides. … he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides. … he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. They build one which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If it is unfinished when he returns, that hut is to be given to someone else or it is to be demolished and rebuilt. If he does not give it to someone else, or does not demolish and rebuild it, he commits one offence entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides. … he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides. … he commits one offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits one offence entailing suspension.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. They build one which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If it is unfinished when he returns, that hut is to be given to someone else or it is to be demolished and rebuilt. If he does not give it to someone else, or does not demolish and rebuild it, he commits two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides. … he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides. … he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. They build one whose site has not been approved, which exceeds the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If it is unfinished when he returns, that hut is to be given to someone else or it is to be demolished and rebuilt. If he does not give it to someone else, or does not demolish and rebuild it, he commits two offences entailing suspension and two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides. … he commits two offence entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides. … he commits two offences entailing suspension and one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, he commits two offences entailing suspension.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. They build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where harm will be done, and which lacks a space on all sides. If it is unfinished when he returns, that hut is to be given to someone else or it is to be demolished and rebuilt. If he does not give it to someone else, or does not demolish and rebuild it, he commits two offences of bad conduct. … where harm will be done, but which has a space on all sides. … he commits one offence of bad conduct. … where no harm will be done, but which lacks a space on all sides. … he commits one offence of bad conduct.
A monk appoints someone to build him a hut and then departs. They build one whose site has been approved, which is within the size limit, where no harm will be done, and which has a space on all sides, there is no offence.
Permutations part 2
If he finishes what he began himself, he commits an offence entailing suspension.
If others finish what he began himself, he commits an offence entailing suspension.
If he finishes himself what was begun by others, he commits an offence entailing suspension.
If others finish what was begun by others, he commits an offence entailing suspension.
Non-offences
There is no offence: if it is a cave, an overhang, a grass hut; if it is built for someone else; if it is anything apart from a dwelling; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.