Tattha katamo catubyūho hāro? “Neruttama­dhip­pāyo”ti ayaṃ. Byañjanena suttassa neruttañca adhippāyo ca nidānañca pubbā­para­sandhi ca gavesitabbo. Tattha katamaṃ neruttaṃ, yā nirutti­padasaṃ­hitā, yaṃ dhammānaṃ nāmaso ñāṇaṃ. Yadā hi bhikkhu atthassa ca nāmaṃ jānāti, dhammassa ca nāmaṃ jānāti, tathā tathā naṃ abhiniropeti. Ayañca vuccati atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbā­para­kusalo desanākusalo atī­tādhi­vacana­kusalo anāga­tādhi­vacana­kusalo ­pac­cup­pan­nā­dhi­vacana­kusalo itthādhi­vacana­kusalo puri­sādhi­vacana­kusalo napuṃsa­kādhi­vacana­kusalo ekādhi­vacana­kusalo ane­kādhi­vacana­kusalo, evaṃ sabbāni kātabbāni jana­pada­ni­ruttāni sabbā ca jana­pada­niruttiyo. Ayaṃ nirutti­padasaṃ­hitā. (1)

Tattha katamo adhippāyo?

“Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ,
Chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāle;
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe,
Na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī”ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye apāyehi pari­mucci­tukāmā bhavissanti, te dhammacārino bhavissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

“Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahīto,
Sakammunā haññati bajjhate ca;
Evaṃ ayaṃ pecca pajā parattha,
Sakammunā haññati bajjhate cā”ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Sañcetanikānaṃ katānaṃ kammānaṃ upacitānaṃ duk­kha­ve­danīyā­naṃ aniṭṭhaṃ asātaṃ vipākaṃ pacca­nubha­vis­satīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

“Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni,
Yo daṇḍena vihiṃsati;
Attano sukhamesāno,
Pecca so na labhate sukhan”ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye sukhena atthikā bhavissanti, te pāpakammaṃ na karissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

“Middhī yadā hoti mahagghaso ca,
Niddāyitā sam­pari­vatta­sāyī;
Mahāvarāhova nivāpapuṭṭho,
Punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando”ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye jarāmaraṇena aṭṭiyitukāmā bhavissanti, te bhavissanti bhojane mattaññuno indriyesu guttadvārā pubba­rattā­pa­ra­rattaṃ jāgari­yā­nuyoga­manu­yuttā vipassakā kusalesu dhammesu sagāravā ca sabrahmacārīsu theresu navesu majjhimesūti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

“Appamādo amatapadaṃ,
Pamādo maccuno padaṃ;
Appamattā na mīyanti,
Ye pamattā yathā matā”ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye amata­pari­yesanaṃ pariyesitukāmā bhavissanti, te appamattā viharissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo. Ayaṃ adhippāyo. (2)

Tattha katamaṃ nidānaṃ? Yathā so dhaniyo gopālako bhagavantaṃ āha—

“Nandati puttehi puttimā,
Gomā gohi tatheva nandati;
Upadhī hi narassa nandanā,
Na hi so nandati yo nirūpadhī”ti.

Bhagavā āha—

“Socati puttehi puttimā,
Gopiko gohi tatheva socati;
Upadhī hi narassa socanā,
Na hi so socati yo nirūpadhī”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā bāhiraṃ pariggahaṃ upadhiṃ āhā”ti. Yathā ca māro pāpimā gijjhakūṭā pabbatā puthusilaṃ pātesi, bhagavā āha—

“Sacepi kevalaṃ sabbaṃ,
gijjhakūṭaṃ calessasi;
Neva sammā­vimuttā­naṃ,
buddhānaṃ atthi iñjitaṃ.

Nabhaṃ pha­leyyap­pathavī caleyya,
Sabbeva pāṇā uda santaseyyuṃ;
Sallampi ce urasi pakappayeyyuṃ,
Upadhīsu tāṇaṃ na karonti buddhā”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā kāyaṃ upadhiṃ āhā”ti. Yathā cāha—

“Na taṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā,
Yadāyasaṃ dāruja­pabba­jañca;
Sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu,
Puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā bāhiresu vatthūsu taṇhaṃ āhā”ti. Yathā cāha—

“Etaṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā,
Ohārinaṃ sithilaṃ duppamuñcaṃ;
Etampi chetvāna paribbajanti,
Anapekkhino kāmasukhaṃ pahāyā”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā bāhira­vatthu­kāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhā”ti. Yathā cāha—

“Āturaṃ asuciṃ pūtiṃ,
duggandhaṃ dehanissitaṃ;
Paggharantaṃ divā rattiṃ,
bālānaṃ abhinanditan”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā ajjhat­tika­vatthu­kāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhā”ti. Yathā cāha—

“Ucchinda sinehamattano,
Kumudaṃ sāradikaṃva pāṇinā;
Santimaggameva brūhaya,
Nibbānaṃ sugatena desitan”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā ajjhat­tika­vatthu­kāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhā”ti. Idaṃ nidānaṃ. (3)

Tattha katamo pubbā­para­sandhi. Yathāha—

“Kāmandhā jālasañchannā,
Taṇhā­chada­na­chā­ditā;
­Pamat­ta­bandhanā baddhā,
Macchāva kumināmukhe;
Jarā­maraṇa­man­venti,
Vaccho khīrapakova mātaran”ti.

Ayaṃ kāmataṇhā vuttā. Sā katamena pubbāparena yujjati? Yathāha—

“Ratto atthaṃ na jānāti,
ratto dhammaṃ na passati;
Andhantamaṃ tadā hoti,
yaṃ rāgo sahate naran”ti.

Iti andhatāya ca sañchannatāya ca sāyeva taṇhā abhilapitā. Yañcāha kāmandhā jālasañchannā, taṇhā­chada­na­chā­ditāti. Yañcāha ratto atthaṃ na jānāti, ratto dhammaṃ na passatīti, imehi padehi pariyuṭṭhānehi sāyeva taṇhā abhilapitā. Yaṃ andhakāraṃ, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo, yā ca taṇhā ponobhavikā, yañcāha kāmāti ime kilesakāmā. Yañcāha jāla­sañ­chan­nāti tesaṃyeva kāmānaṃ payogena pariyuṭṭhānaṃ dasseti, tasmā kilesavasena ca pari­yuṭ­ṭhā­na­vasena ca taṇhābandhanaṃ vuttaṃ. Ye edisikā, te jarāmaraṇaṃ anventi, ayaṃ bhagavatā yathā­nikkhit­ta­gāthā­balena dassitā jarā­maraṇa­man­ven­tīti.

“Yassa papañcā ṭhitī ca natthi,
Sandānaṃ palighañca vītivatto;
Taṃ nittaṇhaṃ muniṃ carantaṃ,
Na vijānāti sadevakopi loko”ti.

Papañcā nāma taṇhā­diṭṭhi­mānā, ­tada­bhi­saṅ­khatā ca saṅkhārā. Ṭhiti nāma anusayā. Sandānaṃ nāma taṇhāya pariyuṭṭhānaṃ, yāni chat­tiṃsa­taṇhāya jāliniyā vicaritāni. Paligho nāma moho. Ye ca papañcā saṅkhārā yā ca ṭhiti yaṃ sandānañca yaṃ palighañca yo etaṃ sabbaṃ samatikkanto, ayaṃ vuccati nittaṇho iti.

Tattha pari­yuṭ­ṭhā­na­saṅ­khārā diṭṭha­dhamma­veda­nīyā vā upa­pajja­veda­nīyā vā aparā­pariya­veda­nīyā vā, evaṃ taṇhā tividhaṃ phalaṃ deti diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye. Evaṃ bhagavā āha—“yaṃ lobhapakataṃ kammaṃ karoti kāyena vā vācāya vā manasā vā, tassa vipākaṃ anubhoti diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye”ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Tattha pariyuṭṭhānaṃ diṭṭha­dhamma­ve­danīyaṃ vā kammaṃ upa­pajja­ve­danīyaṃ vā kammaṃ aparā­pariyā­yave­danīyaṃ vā kammaṃ, evaṃ kammaṃ tidhā vipaccati diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye. Yathāha—

“Yañce bālo idha pāṇātipātī hoti … pe … micchādiṭṭhi hoti, tassa diṭṭhe vā dhamme vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye”ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Tattha pariyuṭṭhānaṃ paṭi­saṅ­khā­na­balena pahātabbaṃ, saṅkhārā dassanabalena, chattiṃsa taṇhā­vicari­tāni bhāvanābalena pahātabbānīti evaṃ taṇhāpi tidhā pahīyati. Yā nittaṇhātā ayaṃ saupādisesā nibbānadhātu. Bhedā kāyassa ayaṃ anupādisesā nibbānadhātu.

Papañco nāma vuccati anubandho. Yañcāha bhagavā “papañceti atītā­nāgata­pac­cup­pan­naṃ cak­khu­viññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ ārabbhā”ti. Yañcāha bhagavā—“atīte, rādha, rūpe anapekkho hohi, anāgataṃ rūpaṃ mā abhinandi, paccuppannassa rūpassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭinissaggāya paṭipajjā”ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Yo cāpi papañco ye ca saṅkhārā yā ca atītā­nāgata­pac­cup­pan­nassa abhinandanā, idaṃ ekatthaṃ. Api ca aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi akkharehi aññamaññehi byañjanehi aparimāṇā dhammadesanā vuttā bhagavatā. Evaṃ suttena suttaṃ saṃsandayitvā pubbāparena saddhiṃ yojayitvā suttaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ bhavati.

So cāyaṃ pubbāparo sandhi catubbidho atthasandhi byañjanasandhi desanāsandhi niddesa­sandhīti.

Tattha atthasandhi chappadāni saṅkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammatā paññattīti.

Byañjanasandhi chappadāni akkharaṃ padaṃ byañjanaṃ ākāro nirutti niddesoti.

Desanāsandhi na ca pathaviṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca. Na ca āpaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca, na ca tejaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca, na ca vāyuṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca … pe … na ca ākāsānañ­cāyata­naṃ nissāya … na ca viñ­ñā­ṇañ­cāyata­naṃ nissāya … na ca ākiñ­cañ­ñā­yatanaṃ nissāya … na ca neva­saññā­nā­sañ­ñāyata­naṃ nissāya … na ca imaṃ lokaṃ nissāya … na ca paralokaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca. Yamidaṃ ubhaya­manta­rena diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ vitakkitaṃ vicāritaṃ manasā­nu­cinti­taṃ, tampi nissāya na jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca. Ayaṃ sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake ­sassama­ṇab­rāhma­ṇiyā pajāya sade­va­manus­sāya anissitena cittena na ñāyati jhāyanto.

Yathā māro pāpimā godhikassa kulaputtassa viññāṇaṃ samanvesanto na jānāti na passati. So hi papañcātīto taṇhāpahānena diṭṭhi­nissa­yo­pissa natthi. Yathā ca godhikassa, evaṃ vakkalissa sadevakena lokena samārakena sabrahmakena ­sassama­ṇab­rāhma­ṇiyā pajāya sade­va­manus­sāya anissitacittā na ñāyanti jhāyamānā. Ayaṃ desanāsandhi.

Tattha katamā niddesasandhi? Nissitacittā akusa­la­pak­khena niddisitabbā, anissitacittā kusalapakkhena niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā kilesena niddisitabbā, anissitacittā vodānena niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā saṃsā­rappa­vattiyā niddisitabbā, anissitacittā ­saṃsā­ra­nivat­tiyā niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā taṇhāya ca avijjāya ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā samathena ca vipassanāya ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā ahirikena ca anottappena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā hiriyā ca ottappena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā asatiyā ca asampajaññena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā satiyā ca sampajaññena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā ayoniyā ca ayoni­so­ma­nasikā­rena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā yoniyā ca yoniso­ma­nasikā­rena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā kosajjena ca dovacassena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā vīriyārambhena ca sovacassena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā assaddhiyena ca pamādena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saddhāya ca appamādena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā asaddham­mas­sa­vanena ca asaṃvaraṇena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saddham­mas­sa­vanena ca saṃvarena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā abhijjhāya ca byāpādena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā anabhijjhāya ca abyāpādena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā nīvaraṇehi ca saṃyojaniyehi ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā rāgavirāgāya ca cetovimuttiyā avijjāvirāgāya ca paññāvimuttiyā niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā ucche­da­diṭṭhiyā ca sassa­ta­diṭṭhiyā ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saupādisesāya ca anupādisesāya ca nibbānadhātuyā niddisitabbā. Ayaṃ niddesasandhi. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano “neruttama­dhip­pāyo”ti.

Niyutto catubyūho hāro.